أسباب وعلاج جفاف العين
أسباب وعلاج جفاف العين، يحدث جفاف العين نتيجة انسداد القناة الدمعية، وفي حالة انسدادها بشكل كلي أو جزء منها يحدث جفاف للعين، وإن كنت تبحث عن علاج جفاف العين، والأسباب التي تؤدي إلى حدوث جفاف العين، فإليك هذا الموضوع المقدم من موقع معلومة لك، ففي سطور التالية سوف نتعرف على أسباب وعلادج جفاف العين بشكل نهائي، تابعونا في السطور التالية.
محتويات المقالة
ما المقصود بجفاف العين
جفاف العين هو أحد الأسباب التي تحدث نتيجة عدم توافر دموع تعمل على ترطيب العينين، وذلك بسبب انسداد القناة الدمعية أو انسداد جزء منها، وذلك وفق ما قالته الدكتورة/ يارا كمال أخصائي الرمد بمستشفيات وزارة الصحة، أما عن الأسباب التي تؤدي إلى حدوث جفاف العين وانسداد القناة الدمعية فهي كالتالي:
أسباب جفاف العين
- وجود مشاكل في أحد مكونات الدمع: تتكون مكونات الدمع من 3 عناصر أساسية وهم:
- الماء: ويفرز الماء من الغدد الدعية، وقلة شرب الماء يؤثر على إفراز الدموع، وبالتالي يحدث جفاف للعين.
- الدهون: طبقة الدهون من شأنها تمنع تبخر الدموع كما تقلل من الاحتكاك في الجفون أثناء الرمش.
- طبقة البروتينات المرتبطة بوحدات السكر: يقصد بها الخلايا التي تعمل على التماسك بين الدموع وبين السطح الأمامي للعين، وجود أي ضرر في هذه الخلايا يؤدي إلى حدوث جفاف للعين.
هل انخفاض حساسية القرنية يؤدي إلى حدوث جفاف للعين
يقصد بالقرنية النسيج الأمامي للعين، ومن خلالها أشعة الضوء تدخل إلى العين، ويوجد بها العديد من الألياف العصبية الحسية، لذا الإحساس السليم للقرنية مهم للإفراز المستمر للدموع، انخفاض حساسية القرنية يؤدي إلى انخفاض الدموع، مما يؤدي إلى جفاف العين.
ما هو سبب جفاف العين
أيضًا من الأسباب التي تؤدي إلى جفاف العين، قلة الرمش واتساع فتحة الجفن، ويسبب قلة الرمش تبخر الدموع، كما يسبب اتساع جفاف العين كبر فتحة الجفون.
هل استخدام العدسات اللاصقة تسبب جفاف العين
استخدام العدسات اللاصقة لفترة طويلة يسبب انخفاض وصول الدموع إلى القرنية، ومع الوقت تؤثر العدسات اللاصقة على حساسية القرنية.
أعراض جفاف العين
أما عن أعراض جفاف العين فهي كالتالي:
- الشعور بحرقة مع ألم وجفاف في العين.
- الشعور بوجود رمل في العين.
- تكوّن المخاط حول العين.
- تحسس العين من الدخان، أو الرياح.
- احمرار العين.
- عدم القدرة على فتحة العين
- الشعور بتعب في العين عند القراءة وعدم القراءة لمدة طويلة حتى ولو كانت مدة القراءة بسيطة.
- غباش العين.
- تحسس العين من الضوء
- الدموع المتواصلة.
- الرؤية المزدوجة.
- عند الاستيقاظ تجد الجفون تلتصق ببعضها
- الشعور بألم في العين عند ارتداء العدسات اللاصقة.
تشخيص جفاف العيون
يمكن تشحيص جفاف العين عن طريق القيام بفحص شامل للعين، حيث يساعد فحص العين على معرفة الأسباب التي تؤدي إلى جفاف العين.
- قياس كمية الدموع: هناك اختبارات تقيس كمية الدموع من هذه الاختبارات اختبار شيرمر، وهو يتم عن طريق قيام الطبيب بوضع شرائح تحت الجفن السفلي من العين لمدة خمس دقائق، وبعد ذلك يقوم الطبيب بقياس الشريط المبلل بالدموع لمعرفة نسبة جفاف العين.
- اختبار جودة الدموع: هناك اختبارات يتم من خلالها استخدام صبغات داخل قطرات العيون، لمعرفة حالة سطح العين.
- اختبار أسمولالية الدموع: هذا الفحص مفيد لمعرفة مكونات الدموع من جسيمات وماء، وفي حالة الإصابة بجفاف العين تكون نسبة الماء أقل.
- أخذ عينا من الدموع: والهدف من أخذ هذه العينات هو معرفة سبب جفاف العين.
علاج جفاف العين
هناك أكثر من طريقة علاجية طبية تستخدم لعلاج جفاف العيون منها ما يلي:
- استخدام الدموع الصناعية: تساعد الدموع الاصطناعية على ترطيب العيون، وتعد الدموع الاصطناعية من الخيارات العلاجية المثالية لترطيب العيون.
- سدادات نقطية: أحد الخيارات العلاجية التي قد يلجأ إليها الطبيب وهي استخدام السدادات النقطية، فهي تعمل على سد فتحات التصريف الدمعية في زوايا عينيك، هذا إجراء غير مؤلم نسبيًا وقابل للعكس ويبطئ فقدان الدموع.
- تناول الأدوية: أشهر دواء لعلاج متلازمة جفاف العين، يسمى السيكلوسبورين، هذا الدواء يعمل على زيادة نسبة الدموع، وهناك أدوية وقطرات علاجية يصرفها الطبيب ولكن على حسب الحالة الصحية للمريض لذلك ينصح بالعودة إلى الطبيب.
- الجراحة: هناك حالات تستدعي تدخل جراحي عندما لا يستجيب المريض مع العلاج، فيلجأ الطبيب إلى القيام بعملية جراحية يكون الغرض منها سد قنوات تصريف الدموع في الزوايا الداخلية للعين.
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