دليل زيت البرافين: التاريخ والاستخدامات والفوائد
يأتي زيت البرافين في صورة سائلة وصلبة (شمع البرافين)، وهو من أكثر الزيوت المستخدمة في العديد من المجالات والصناعات، بما يليق بمنتج متعدد الاستخدامات، ذو خلفية تاريخية حافلة بالتدفئة والتجميل وصناعة الأدوية والشموع. فما هو زيت البرافين، وما هي استخداماته؟
محتويات المقالة
ما هو البرافين؟
- ربما تكون قد صادفت مصطلحات مثل البرافين أو الكيروسين؛ دون أن تعرف أن كلاهما يشير إلى نفس الزيت المستخدم لتدفئة المنازل والمباني، وذلك قبل انتشار الغاز والكهرباء.
- وهو سائل هيدروكربوني قابل للاشتعال، ويعتبر أقل خطورة من البنزين.
- وتعد البارافينات هي المكونات الرئيسية للبترول والغاز الطبيعي، كما أن زيت البرافين هو أحد النواتج الثانوية لعملية تكرير البترول.
- ويمكن استخراجه من مصادر مثل الفحم والخشب ونوع آخر من الصخور يسمى الصخر الزيتي، وفي الغالب يتم الحصول عليه من عملية تكرير الفحم، وفي وقت لاحق عندما تم الكشف عن مصادر جديدة وطرق تكرير أخرى غير المتعارف عليها، لم يعد بنفس السعر الذي كان عليه وقت اكتشافه.
تكرير البترول
استخدامات البرافين
- نتيجة لصوره المتعددة التي تأتي من عمليات تكراره، يدخل البارافين ضمن مجموعة متنوعة من الاستخدامات العملية التي يصعب تخيلها، من الطب والزراعة إلى مستحضرات التجميل.
- وفي حين أن أول استخدام للبارافين يعود إلى القرن التاسع عشر، بوصفه شمعا يمكن أن يكون له بعض الفوائد، فقد تزامن ذلك أيضا مع اكتشاف الزيت واستخداماته في العديد من الأشكال الأخرى.
- ويشيع استخدام البارافين كوقود للمحركات النفاثة والصواريخ، وكذلك لمحركات الديزل والجرارات.
وتشمل استخدامات البارافين الشائعة ما يلي:
- البارافين السائل هو زيت معدني يأتي في شكلين: إما زيت برافين سائل ثقيل أو زيت برافين سائل خفيف، وهو من الزيوت عديمة اللون والرائحة والطعم.
في صورته الصلبة: يكون عبارة عن مادة شمعية صلبة بيضاء أو عديمة اللون، وتستخدم في صناعة:
- مواد التشحيم
- وأقلام التلوين
- الهلام البترولي (الفازلين).
- العزل الكهربائي.
- الشموع.
في صورته السائلة: ويكون عبارة عن زيت معدني مكرر ويستخدم في:
- مستحضرات التجميل.
- الأدوية.
- ويستخدم أيضا كـ مبرد للأنظمة الكهربائية (سائل هيدروليكي).
- البارافين السائل يكون أكثر لزوجة، ويمكن استخدامه كملين.
فوائد زيت البرافين للجسم
للبارافين أيضًا تاريخ طويل في علاج العديد من الحالات الجسدية، مثل التهاب المفاصل وتدفق الدم.
ويستخدم البارافين في العديد من منتجات التجميل نظرا لتكلفته البسيطة، وجودته الفائقة في إضفاء الرطوبة وتعزيز مستويات النضارة، كما يساعد على تنعيم البشرة.
ومن فوائد زيت البرافين الأخرى في مستحضرات التجميل، حيث يتم تطبيقه بشكل شائع على اليدين والقدمين، كما يستخدم في عمل المساج، كما رأيت ربما نساء يغمسن أيديهن أو أقدامهن في مادة بيضاء دهنية غير شفافة في الصالون.
ويحتوي البارافين على درجة انصهار نموذجية، مما يسمح له بالذوبان عند درجة حرارة يمكن لمسها بأمان، واستخدامه كمرهم طبيعي.
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