أهم وأشهر 10 معلومات عن معاوية بن أبي سفيان
أهم وأشهر 10 معلومات عن معاوية بن أبي سفيان، في هذا الموضوع سنتعرف معكم في سطور عن أحد صحابة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وهو قادة الجيش الإسلامي، وأحد قادة الدولة الإسلامية، هو معاوية بن سفيان رضى الله عنه، ويعد معاوية بن سفيان رضى الله عنه، من الشخصيات المؤثرة في الدولة الإسلامية، وفي السطور التالية سوف نتعرف عليه أكثر.
معلومات عن الدولة الأموية.. ملخص النشأة حتى السقوط
محتويات المقالة
من هو معاوية بن أبي سفيان
هو معاوية بن صخر بن حرب بن عبد شمس بن عبد مناف القرشي، أمَّه هي هند بنت عتبة بن ربيعة بن عبد شمس بن عبد مناف القرشية، ويجتمع معاوية بن أبي سفيان -رضي الله عنه- مع رسول الله -صلَّى الله عليه وسلَّم- في النسب عند الجدِّ الرابع وهو عبد مناف، من مواليد مكة ومن ساداتها أيضًا، ولد في مكة قبل هجرة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى المدينة المنورة بخمسة عشرة عامًا.
10 معلومات هامة عن معاوية بن أبي سفيان
- يجتمع مع النبي صلى الله عليه في الجد الرابع، وهو عبد مناف
- أسلم قبل أبيه سفيان وبالتحديد في وقت عمرة القضاء، ولكنه أخفى إسلامه خوفًا من أبيه، وأعلن إسلامه، وقت فتح مكة.
- هو من المؤلفة قلوبهم، حيث شهد مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم غزوة حنين.
- روى عن الرسول العديد من الأحاديث، كما يعد من كتاب الوحي رضى الله عنه.
- كان طويل القامة وأبيض البشرة، قال فيه عمر بن الخطاب: هذا كسرى العرب.
- كان من الذين قاتلوا المرتدين في غزوة اليمامة.
- شارك مع أخيه يزيد بن أبي سفيان في فتح الشام.
- أصبح معاوية بن أبي سفيان واليًا على الأردن سنة 21 هـ.
- ولَّاه عثمان بن عفان على الشام كاملة.
- تولى خلافة المسلمين بعد أن تنازل الحسن بن علي له عن الخلافة حقنًا لدماء المسلمين.
من هو مؤسس الدولة الأموية
يعد معاوية بن أبي سفيان هو مؤسس الدولة الأموية، وقد تولى أمر الخلافة بعد أن قام الحسن بن علي رضى الله عنه بالتنازل عن أمر الخلافة خوفًا على وحدة المسلمين، وحقنًا لدمائهم، فقام معاوية بتولى أمر حكم المسلمين، وقام بتوريث الحكم من بعده لابنه يزيد، لتبدأ الدولة الأموية في الانتشار والتأسيس.
أسس معاوية بن أبي سفيان الدولة الأموية في الواحدة والأربعين من الهجرة، واتخذ من دمشق عاصمة لها، واتستعت رقعة الدولة الأموية لتشمل شبه الجزيرة العربيّة، والعراق، وأراضي الدولة الساسانية القديمة، والشام، ومصر، وتونس الحالية، ثم أكمل الجيش الأمويّ فتوحاته حتى وصل الصين شرقاً، وشبه جزيرة إيبيريا غرباً
من تولى الخلافة بعد معاوية بن أبي سفيان
على الرغم من أن الحسن بن علي-رضي الله عنه- عندما تنازل للخلافة لمعاوية بن أبي سفيان، بعد موت والده اشترط عليه أن تكون الخلافة من بعده بالشورى بين المسلمين، إلّا أنّ الخليفة معاوية بن أبي سفيان أعطى الخلافة من بعده لابنه يزيد، والذي دفعه إلى هذا الأمر هو خوفه على الدولة الأموية من النزاع والانشقاق، خاصة وأنها في هذه الفترة كانت في مرحلة اضطراب، فتشاور مع كبار الصحابة ورؤساء القوم، وولاة الأمصار، وقد وافقوه على هذا الأمر، فتم المبايعة.
المصادر:
ابن جبرين (1995)، التعليقات على متن لمعة الاعتقاد (الطبعة 1)، الرياض :دار الصميعي، صفحة 180. بتصرّف.
ar.islamway , معاوية بن أبي سفيان , 7-10-2020
شحاتة صقر ، معاوية بن أبي سفيان أمير المؤمنين وكاتب وحي النبي الأمين صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ/ كشف شبهات وردّ
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