السيرة الذاتية ومعلومات عن مؤسس الدولة الأموية
السيرة الذاتية ومعلومات عن مؤسس الدولة الأموية، على الرغم من انتهاء الخلافة الراشدة بوفاة سيدنا علي بن أبي طالب كرم الله وجهه، إلا أن الدولة الأموية التي تلتها، وتولت زمام حكم العالم الإسلامي بعد ذلك، كانت لها جوانب جيدة، ففي عهد الدولة الأموية استمرت الفتوحات الإسلامية شرقًا، وغربًا، واتسعت رقعة الدولة الإسلامية، وأصبح شرع الله يطبق في معظم دول العالم، ويقدم موقع معلومة لك في هذا الموضوع معلومات عن مؤسس الدولة الأموية والسيرة الذاتية له، تابعونا في السطور التالية.
محتويات المقالة
من هو مؤسس الدولة الأموية
تأسست الدولة الأموية بعد انتهاء عهد الخلافة الراشدة بموت سيدنا علي بن أبي طالب كرم الله وجهه، وتولى الحكم بعده سيدنا معاوية بن أبي سفيان رضى الله عنه، بعد أن بايعه أهل الشام، ويذكر أن أهل العراق كانوا قد بايعوا سيدنا الحسن رضى الله عنه، إلا أن سيدنا الحسن رضى الله عنه قرر مبايعة سيدنا معاوية بن أبي سفيان حقنًا للدماء ودرءًا للفتنة، فتولى سيدنا معاوية بن أبي سفيان الحكم وأسس الدولة الأموية.
معاوية مؤسس الدولة الأموية
ولد سيدنا معاوية بن أبي سفيان في مكة المكرمة قبل البعثة النبوية بخمس سنين على حسب قول المؤرخين، وأسلم في فتح مكة، ي السّنة الثّامنة للهجرة، وكان معاوية من قادة الجيوش في عهد سيدنا أبو بكر الصديق رضى الله عنه، وهو من قام بفتح الشام حيث كان على رأس الجيش الذي توجه لفتح الشام، وفي عهد سيدنا عمر بن الخطاب تولى معاوية ولاية الأردن، ثمّ وبعد موت أخيه يزيد بطاعون عمواس تولّى معاوية ولاية الشّام، وقد بقي واليًا عليها مدّة تقارب العشرين سنة، وفي عهد عثمان رضي الله عنه تولى معاوية بن أبي سفيان جميع أقاليم الشّام، حتى نُصب كخليفة للمسلمين بعد وفاة سيدنا علي بن أبي طالب رضى الله عنه.
مدة خلافة معاوية للعالم الإسلامي
تنازل الجسن بن علي رضى الله عنه عن الحكم لمعاوية بن أبي سفيان عن الحكم في عام سمى بعام الجماعة، لتبدأ بعد ذلك مرحلة تأسيس الدولة الأموية، واستمر معاوية بن أبي سفيان في الحكم قرابة العشرين عامًا، عمل خلالهم على توسيع رقعة الدولة الإسلامية، وتوسيع نظاق العالم الإسلامي، واستمر في الحكم حتى توفاه الله تعالى في سنة ستّين للهجرة بعد أن عمل الناس على مبايعة ابنه يزيد من بعده.
سمات عهد معاوية بن أبي سفيان
اختلفت أمور إدارة البلاد في عهد معاوية بن أبي سفيان عن إداراتها في عهد الخلافة الراشدة، فإليه يرجع الفضل في تنظيم الدواوين ومن ضمنها ديوان الخاتم، وشكل جهاز الشرطة لحمايته، وكان له حرس وخدم، وكانت له مقصورة خاصة في المسجد، واتخذ العرش والحجاب.
عدد خلفاء الدولة الأموية
بلغ عدد خلفاء الدولة الأموية أربع عشرة خليفة، وهم:
معاوية بن أبي سفيان.
يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان.
معاوية بن يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان.
مروان بن الحكم بن أبي العاص بن أمية.
عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم.
الوليد بن عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم.
سليمان بن عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم.
عمر بن عبد العزيز بن مروان بن الحكم.
يزيد بن عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم.
هشام بن عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم.
الوليد بن يزيد بن عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم.
يزيد بن الوليد بن عبد الملك بن مروان.
إبراهيم بن الوليد بن عبد الملك بن مروان.
مروان بن محمد بن مروان بن الحكم.
أسباب سقوط الدولة الأموية
سقت الدولة الأموية نتيجة تولى الحكم حكماء ضعفاء زمام الحكم في البلاد، اندلعت الثورات والصراعات الداخلية على الوصول إلى الحكم، فضلًا عن ظهور جماعة تسمى بالخوارج، وفي عهد مروان بن الحكم آخر خلفاء الدولة الأموية، اندلعت الثورة العباسية، ولم يستطيع الجيش الأموي مجاراة العباسيين وهزيمتهم، فسطقت الدولة الأموية، وتولى العباسيين الحكم.
موضوعات ذات صلة:
كم عدد خلفاء الدولة الأموية وترتيبهم
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