عاصمة الدولة الأموية وتاريخ سقوطها
كانت الخلافة الأموية واحدة من أقوى وأوسع الخلافة الإسلامية، كما أنها كانت أول السلالات الإسلامية، هذا يعني أن زعيم الخلافة، المسمى بالخليفة ، كان عادةً ابن “أو قريب ذكر آخر” للخليفة السابق، ويرجع سبب تسمية الدولة الأموية بهذا الاسم نسبةً إلى بني أمية، وجدّهم أمية بن عبد شمس بن عبد مناف بن قصي بن كلاب بن مرة، وهم من كبراء قريش وأقارب للرسول -عليه الصلاة والسلام.
قد يهمك :
محتويات المقالة
ما هي عاصمة الدولة الأمويّة
حكمت الخلافة الأموية الإمبراطورية الإسلامية من 661-750 م. خلفت الخلافة الراشدية عندما أصبح معاوية الأول خليفة بعد الحرب الأهلية الإسلامية الأولى، تعتبر مدينة دمشق السورية هي عاصمة الدولة الأموية، وتعتبر دمشق من أكثر المدن جمالاَ وشهرةً وعراقةً وأصالة؛ ويعتبر مؤسس السلالة الحاكمة فيها هو معاوية بن أبي سفيان، حيث ظلت دمشق عاصمة الخلافة الأموية منذ تأسيس الدولة الأموية حتى سقوطها.
ما هي الأراضي التي وقعت تحت حكم الدولة الأموية؟
وسعت الخلافة الأموية الإمبراطورية الإسلامية لتصبح واحدة من أكبر الإمبراطوريات في تاريخ العالم. في ذروتها ، سيطرت الخلافة الأموية على الشرق الأوسط وأجزاء من الهند وجزء كبير من شمال إفريقيا وإسبانيا، ويقدر المؤرخون أن عدد سكان الخلافة الأموية بلغ حوالي 62 مليون نسمة ، أي ما يقرب من 30 ٪ من سكان العالم في ذلك الوقت.
مساهمات الدولة الأموية
قدم الأمويون عدة مساهمات مهمة للإمبراطورية الإسلامية. كان للعديد من مساهماتهم علاقة بتوحيد الإمبراطورية الكبيرة والعديد من الثقافات التي كانت الآن جزءًا من الإمبراطورية. وشمل ذلك إنشاء عملة مشتركة ، وإنشاء اللغة العربية كلغة رسمية في جميع أنحاء الإمبراطورية ، وتوحيد الأوزان والمقاييس. كما قاموا ببناء بعض المباني الأكثر احتراماً في التاريخ الإسلامي بما في ذلك قبة الصخرة في القدس والمسجد الأموي في دمشق.
سقوط الدولة الأموية
مع توسع الإمبراطورية ، ازدادت الاضطرابات بين الناس ومعارضة الأمويين. شعر العديد من المسلمين أن الأمويين أصبحوا علمانيين للغاية ولم يتبعوا طرق الإسلام. بدأت مجموعات من الناس بما في ذلك أتباع علي وغير العرب المسلمين والخارجيين في التمرد مما تسبب في اضطراب الإمبراطورية. في عام 750 ، صعد العباسيون ، وهم عشيرة منافسة للأمويين ، إلى السلطة وأطاحوا بالخلافة الأموية. سيطروا وشكلوا الخلافة العباسية التي ستحكم الكثير من العالم الإسلامي لعدة مئات من السنين القادمة.
من هو أول خلفاء الدولة الأموية
يعد سيدنا معاوية بن أبي سفيان هو مؤسس الدولة الأموية، بعد تنازل سيدنا الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب رضى الله عنهم أجمعين عن الحكم، وذلك حقنًا للدماء، وحفاظًا على وحدة المسلمين، وبويع سيدنا معاوية بن أبي سفيان على الخلافة رضى الله عنه في 41 هـ، ويعد هو أول خلفاء الدولة الأموية، ومؤسسها.
كم عدد خلفاء الدولة الأموية
تولى حكم الدولة الأموية منذ نشأتها وحتى سقوطها أربع عشرة خليفة، وهم: معاوية بن أبي سفيان، ويزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان، ومعاوية بن يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان، ومروان بن الحكم بن أبي العاص بن أمية، وعبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم، والوليد بن عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم، وسليمان بن عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم، وعمر بن عبد العزيز بن مروان بن الحكم، ويزيد بن عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم، وهشام بن عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم، والوليد بن يزيد بن عبد الملك بن مروان بن الحكم، ويزيد بن الوليد بن عبد الملك بن مروان، وإبراهيم بن الوليد بن عبد الملك بن مروان، ومروان بن محمد بن مروان بن الحكم.
متى سقطت الدولة الأموية
سقطت الدولة الأموية بعد معركة الزاب الكبير، بعد أن اتجه عبدالله السفاح بجيشه لقتال مروان الثاني بن محمد، وتمركز الجيش عند نهر الزاب قرب الموصل، واستطاع عبدالله السفاح الانتصار على مروان الثاني، وفر مروان من المعركة هاربًا، حتى تمكن العباسيون من قتله في القاهرة، سنة 132هـ -749م، وبذلك تمكّن العباسيون من حكم جميع أقطار الدولة الإسلامية عدا الأندلس.
الدولة الأموية من النشأة حتى السقوط وأبرز خلفائها
المصادر:
- قناة معلومة لك
- التاريخ الاسلامي
- كتاب الدولة الاموية الدكتور يوسف العش
- كتاب تاريخ الدولة الأموية الدكتور محمد سهيل
Comments (102)
F*ckin’ amazing things here. I’m very glad to see your article. Thanks a lot and i’m looking forward to contact you. Will you kindly drop me a mail?
I’m not sure where you are getting your info, but great topic. I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more. Thanks for excellent info I was looking for this info for my mission.
This website online is mostly a stroll-by means of for the entire information you wanted about this and didn’t know who to ask. Glimpse here, and you’ll definitely uncover it.
Unquestionably believe that that you stated. Your favorite reason appeared to be at the net the easiest factor to consider of. I say to you, I certainly get irked even as people consider worries that they just don’t realize about. You managed to hit the nail upon the highest and defined out the whole thing without having side effect , other people could take a signal. Will probably be again to get more. Thank you
Attractive element of content. I just stumbled upon your blog and in accession capital to claim that I acquire actually loved account your weblog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your feeds or even I achievement you get admission to persistently quickly.
I’ve been absent for some time, but now I remember why I used to love this site. Thank you, I?¦ll try and check back more frequently. How frequently you update your website?
Hey, you used to write great, but the last several posts have been kinda boring… I miss your great writings. Past several posts are just a bit out of track! come on!
Some truly grand work on behalf of the owner of this internet site, perfectly great subject material.
Of course, what a magnificent site and instructive posts, I will bookmark your blog.All the Best!
Hello would you mind sharing which blog platform you’re working with? I’m planning to start my own blog in the near future but I’m having a hard time deciding between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your layout seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something unique. P.S Sorry for getting off-topic but I had to ask!
It?¦s in point of fact a great and helpful piece of information. I am happy that you shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
I like this blog so much, saved to my bookmarks.
Write more, thats all I have to say. Literally, it seems as though you relied on the video to make your point. You clearly know what youre talking about, why waste your intelligence on just posting videos to your blog when you could be giving us something enlightening to read?
Whats up very cool website!! Man .. Excellent .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds additionallyKI am satisfied to seek out so many helpful info right here in the put up, we’d like work out more techniques on this regard, thank you for sharing. . . . . .
Thanks on your marvelous posting! I seriously enjoyed reading it, you can be a great author.I will make sure to bookmark your blog and may come back someday. I want to encourage continue your great work, have a nice evening!
Perfectly written content material, Really enjoyed reading through.
I have been exploring for a little for any high-quality articles or blog posts on this kind of area . Exploring in Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this web site. Reading this information So i am happy to convey that I’ve a very just right uncanny feeling I came upon exactly what I needed. I so much certainly will make sure to do not fail to remember this site and give it a glance regularly.
Hi, just required you to know I he added your site to my Google bookmarks due to your layout. But seriously, I believe your internet site has 1 in the freshest theme I??ve came across. It extremely helps make reading your blog significantly easier.
I enjoy the efforts you have put in this, regards for all the great posts.
I have not checked in here for some time because I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are good quality so I guess I will add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
I like what you guys are up also. Such intelligent work and reporting! Keep up the excellent works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my website :).
Hello. fantastic job. I did not anticipate this. This is a fantastic story. Thanks!
Hi my loved one! I wish to say that this article is awesome, nice written and include almost all significant infos. I would like to peer extra posts like this .
I saw a lot of website but I think this one holds something special in it in it
I like this weblog so much, bookmarked.
Hello, I think your blog might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog in Ie, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, superb blog!
What i don’t realize is in reality how you are now not actually much more smartly-appreciated than you may be now. You are very intelligent. You recognize therefore significantly in relation to this matter, made me for my part imagine it from a lot of varied angles. Its like men and women aren’t fascinated except it is something to accomplish with Girl gaga! Your individual stuffs outstanding. At all times maintain it up!
fantastic post, very informative. I wonder why the other experts of this sector do not notice this. You must continue your writing. I’m sure, you’ve a great readers’ base already!
Hello, you used to write magnificent, but the last few posts have been kinda boring… I miss your tremendous writings. Past several posts are just a little out of track! come on!
Aw, this was a very nice post. In thought I would like to put in writing like this moreover – taking time and precise effort to make a very good article… however what can I say… I procrastinate alot and certainly not seem to get something done.
Greetings! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I truly enjoy reading through your blog posts. Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that cover the same topics? Thanks for your time!
Hey very nice website!! Man .. Beautiful .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds also…I’m happy to find numerous useful information here in the post, we need work out more strategies in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .
Super-Duper website! I am loving it!! Will come back again. I am taking your feeds also
Good write-up, I am normal visitor of one’s blog, maintain up the excellent operate, and It’s going to be a regular visitor for a long time.
I am glad to be a visitant of this staring site! , appreciate it for this rare info ! .
This is a topic close to my heart cheers, where are your contact details though?
Thanks so much for the post. Awesome.
Wow, great post.Thanks Again. Great.
Pretty section of content. I simply stumbled upon your blog and in accession capital to assert that I acquire actually enjoyed account your weblog posts. Any way I’ll be subscribing to your augment and even I fulfillment you get entry to persistently fast.
Im grateful for the article.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
Muchos Gracias for your article. Awesome.
Thanks so much for the blog.Thanks Again. Want more.
wow, awesome blog post.Thanks Again. Want more.
Awesome article. Really Cool.
Awesome blog article.Really looking forward to read more. Really Cool.
Really enjoyed this article post.Much thanks again. Really Cool.
I really liked your article. Really Cool.
I appreciate you sharing this blog.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic blog.Thanks Again. Keep writing.
I loved your article post.Really thank you! Want more.
Thank you for your blog article.Much thanks again. Great.
Thanks-a-mundo for the blog post.Much thanks again. Much obliged.
A motivating discussion is definitely worth comment. I believe that you should publish more on this topic, it might not be a taboo subject but usually people don’t speak about such issues. To the next! Cheers!
bactrim uti azithromycin dihydrate antibiotic ciprofloxacin
I’m not sure where you’re getting your information, but great topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more. Thanks for wonderful information I was looking for this information for my mission.
Thank you, I’ve recently been looking for info about this subject for ages and yours is the best I’ve discovered so far. But, what about the conclusion? Are you sure about the source?
Fastidious answers in return of this issue with firm arguments and tellingall concerning that.
Thank you for your article post. Will read on…
Major thanks for the blog post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
Thanks for the blog post.Thanks Again. Really Cool.
tinder login, tinder datetinder dating app
I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here.
The sketch is attractive, your authored subject matter
stylish. nonetheless, you command get bought an impatience over that
you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably
come further formerly again since exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this hike.
I value the blog post.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
Great, thanks for sharing this blog post. Really Cool.
more safeguarded. Do you have any recommendations?
Great, thanks for sharing this blog post.Thanks Again. Fantastic.
Wow, great post.Much thanks again.
hello there and thank you for your info – I have definitely picked up anything new from right here. I did however expertise some technical issues using this web site, since I experienced to reload the site lots of times previous to I could get it to load correctly. I had been wondering if your hosting is OK? Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will sometimes affect your placement in google and can damage your high-quality score if ads and marketing with Adwords. Anyway I’m adding this RSS to my e-mail and could look out for a lot more of your respective exciting content. Make sure you update this again very soon..
Really appreciate you sharing this blog article.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Thanks again for the article.Really thank you! Really Great.
Dead composed subject material, thankyou for entropy.
Thanks for the blog post. Cool.
Oh my goodness! an incredible write-up dude. Thank you However I am experiencing concern with ur rss. Don?t recognize why Unable to sign up for it. Is there anyone getting identical rss issue? Anyone that understands kindly react. Thnkx
Fantastic blog article.Thanks Again. Cool.
Thank you ever so for you blog article.Much thanks again. Cool.
I dugg some of you post as I cerebrated they were very beneficial very beneficial
when to take vardenafil – vardenafil coupons manufacturer vardenafil for sale
Appreciate you sharing, great blog.Thanks Again. Great.
Im grateful for the post.Much thanks again.
I truly appreciate this blog.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Hey, thanks for the blog.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on…
Really appreciate you sharing this article post.Really thank you! Really Great.
Im obliged for the post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
Really appreciate you sharing this blog. Want more.
Great post.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
Really appreciate you sharing this post.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on…
Thanks again for the blog post.Really thank you!
Very neat blog. Want more.
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic article post.Much thanks again. Want more.
Thanks-a-mundo for the article.Much thanks again. Really Cool.
Appreciate you sharing, great post. Really Great.
Thanks-a-mundo for the post.Really looking forward to read more. Keep writing.
Im thankful for the blog post.Thanks Again. Cool.
This is one awesome article post.Thanks Again. Cool.
Muchos Gracias for your article.Really thank you!
I really enjoy the article.
A round of applause for your post. Great.
Thanks a lot for the article.Really looking forward to read more. Fantastic.
I cannot thank you enough for the blog article.Much thanks again. Great.
Hey this is kind of of off topic but I was wondering
if blogs use WYSIWYG editors or if you have to manually code with HTML.
I’m starting a blog soon but have no coding expertise so I wanted
to get advice from someone with experience. Any help would be enormously appreciated!
Great blog post. Will read on…
Hey, thanks for the article.Really thank you! Really Great.