معلومات ونبذة مختصرة عن مؤسس الدولة العباسية
معلومات ونبذة مختصرة عن مؤسس الدولة العباسية، الدولة العباسية هي إحدى الدول الإسلامية، وتأسست الدولة العباسية بعد سقوط الدولة الأموية في عهد مروان بن محمد آخر الخلفاء الأمويين، والذي هرب إلى مصر، ولقى حتفه هناك، وتم تأسيس الدولة الأموية على يد أبو العباس السفاح، وهو أول خليفة للدولة العباسية، وعلى يده تأسست الدولة، ويرجع نسب الدولة العباسية إلى عم الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم العباس بن عبد المطلب رضى الله عنه، ويقدم موقع معلومة لك في هذا الموضوع كافة المعلومات المتعلقة عن مؤسس الدولة العباسية.
تعرف على: كم عدد خلفاء الدولة العباسية وأسمائهم بالترتيب
محتويات المقالة
من هو مؤسس الدولة العباسية
هو أبو عبدالله بن محمد بن علي العباسي الملقب بـ(السفاح)، ويقال له المرتضى والقاسم، ولد أبو عبدالله سنة 105هـ في الحميمة الواقعة في أرض الشراة في البلقاء في بلاد الشام وقد نشأ وتربى فيها، تمت مبايعته على الخلافة في الكوفة يوم الجمعة في الثاني عشر من شهر ربيع الآخر عام 132هـ.
صفات أبو العباس مؤسس الدولة العباسية
كان أهل الكوفة يصفون أبو عبدالله بالسفاح، وذلك لكونه كريمٌ ومِعطاءُ وسَخيُّ في منح المال، كما عرف أبو العباس بأنه شخصية تتميز بالوقار والحياء وحسن الخلق، كما كان يحب مجالسة ومسامرة العلماء، وكان يكافئ المغنين والشعراء، كما كان شديد القسوة على معارضيه وأعدائه، وقام بالقضاء على أتباع الدولة الأموية باستثناء عبد الله الداخل مؤسس الدولة الأموية في الأندلس.
خلفاء الدولة العباسية بالترتيب
- عبد الله بن محمد بن علي (السفاح) وهو مؤسس الدولة العباسية
- عبد الله الثاني بن محمد (المنصور)
- محمد بن عبد الله بن المنصور (المهدي)
- موسى بن محمد المهدي (الهادي)
- هارون بن محمد أبو جعفر (الرشيد)
- محمد بن هارون الرشيد (الأمين)
- عبد الله بن هارون الرشيد (المأمون)
- إبراهيم بن المهدي
- محمد بن هارون الرشيد (المعتصم بالله)
- هارون بن محمد (الواثق بالله)
- جعفر بن محمد المعتصم (المتوكل على الله)
- محمد بن جعفر (المنتصر بالله)
- أحمد بن المعتصم (المستعين بالله)
- محمد بن المتوكل (المعتز بالله)
- محمد بن الواثق (المهتدي بالله)
- أحمد بن المتوكل (المعتمد على الله)
- أحمد بن طلحة بن جعفر المتوكل (المعتضد بالله)
- علي بن أحمد المعتضد (المكتفي بالله)
- جعفر بن أحمد المعتضد
- عبد الله بن المعتز بالله
- محمد بن أحمد المعتضد (القاهر بالله)
- محمد بن المقتدر (الراضي بالله)
- إبراهيم بن جعفر المقتدر (المتقي لله)
- عبد الله بن علي المكتفي (المستكفي بالله)
- الفضل بن المقتدر (المطيع لله)
- عبد الكريم بن المطيع (الطائع لله)
- أحمد بن إسحاق بن المقتدر(القادر بالله)
- عبد الله بن القادر (القائم بأمر الله)
- عبد الله بن محمد بن عبد الله القائم بأمر الله (المقتدي بأمر الله)
- أحمد بن المقتدي بالله (المستظهر بالله)
- الفضل بن أحمد المستظهر (المسترشد بالله)
- منصور بن المسترشد (الراشد بالله)
- محمد بن المستظهر بالله (المقتفي لأمر الله)
- يوسف بن محمد المقتفي (المستنجد بالله)
- الحسن بن المستنجد (المستضيء بأمر الله)
- أحمد بن المستضيء بأمر الله (الناصر لدين الله)
- محمد بن الناصر لدين الله (الظاهر بأمر الله)
- منصور بن الظاهر بأمر الله (المستنصر بالله)
- عبد الله بن المستنصر بالله (المستعصم بالله)
مدة حكم الدولة العباسية
استمر حكم الدولة العباسية 54 عامًا، (132-656هـ/ 750-1258م)، وانقسم الحكم إلى عصرين العباسي الأول، العصر العباسي الثاني، علمًا بأنَّه قد تعاقب على خلافة الدَّولة سبع وثلاثون خليفة، بدأت بالخليفة أبي العبّاس السفّاح، وانتهت بمقتل الخليفة المُستعصِم على يد المغول.
موضوع يهمك: أسماء الخلفاء العباسيين بالترتيب
نبذة مختصرة عن العصر العباسي الأول (132-232هـ/ 750-847م)
سمى العصر العباسي الأول بعصر القوة والازدهار، وابتدا العصر بتولي أبي العبّاس السفّاح سنة 132هـ، وانتهى بوفاة الخليفة الواثق بالله العبَّاسي سنة 232هـ، علمًا بأن الدولة العباسية آنذاك اتسمت بمكانة مرموقة، واتسع نفوذها، وازدهرت في العلم، وكان هناك رخاء في الحياة الاقتصادية، بسبب ما تمتع به خلفاء الدولة في هذا العصر بقوة سياسية.
أسماء خلفاء العصر العباسي الأول
- أبو العبّاس عبد الله السفّاح: 132-136هـ
- عبد الله أبو جعفر المنصور: 136-15هـ
- أبو عبدالله مُحمَّد المَهدي: 158-169هـ
- أبو مُحمَّد موسى الهادي: 169-170هـ
- أبو جعفر هارون الرشيد: 170-193هـ
- أبو موسى مُحمَّد الأمين: 193-198هـ
- أبو جعفر عبد الله المأمون: 198-218هـ
- أبو إسحاق مُحمَّد المُعتصم: 218-227هـ
- أبو جعفر هارون الواثق: 227-232هـ
نبذة مختصرة عن العصر العباسي الثاني (232-334هـ/ 847-946م)
بدأ العصر العباسي الثاني بخلافة المتوكل عام 232هـ، وانتهى بعهد الخليفة المُستكفي عام 334هـ، في هذا العصر سقطت هيبة الدولة العباسية وضعفت نفوذها وازداد نفوذ الحكم التركي، مما أدى إلى انفصال عدة دول عن جسم الدولة العباسية.
أسماء خلفاء العصر العباسي الثاني
- أبو الفضل جعفر المُتوكِّل: 232-247هـ
- أبو جعفر مُحمَّد المُنتصر: 247-248هـ
- أبو العبّاس أحمد المُستعين: 248-252هـ
- أبو عبد الله مُحمَّد المُعتز: 252-255هـ
- أبو إسحاق مُحمَّد المُهتدي: 255-256هـ
- أحمد المُعتمد: 256-279هـ
- أبو العباس أحمد المُعتضد: 279-289هـ
- أبو مُحمَّد المُكتفي: 289-295هـ
- أبو الفضل جعفر المُقتدر: 295-320هـ
- أبو منصور مُحمَّد القاهر: 320-322هـ
- أبو العبّاس أحمد الراضي: 322-329هـ
- أبو إسحاق جعفر المُتَّقي: 329-333هـ
- أبو القاسم عبد الله المُستكفي: 333-334هـ.
عاصمة الدولة العباسية
الدولة العباسية هي ثالث الدول التي تعاقبت في العالم الإسلامي،فبعد وفاة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم تأسست الخلافة الرّاشدة، ثمّ تلا هذا العصر بعد ذلك عصر الخلافة الأمويّة، ثمّ وبعد انهيارها على أيدي العباسيين قامت الدولة العباسيّة على يد أبو العباس الملقب بالسفاح، وتعد بغداد العراقية هي العاصمة الأبرز للدولة العباسية والتي حافظت على مكانتها كعاصمة الدّولة لأطول فترة ممكنة.
إقرأ أيضًا:
عاصمة الدولة الأموية وتاريخ سقوطها
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