من هو السلطان سليم الأول
من هو السلطان سليم الأول، تاريخ الدولة العثمانية، ملئ بالحكايات عن السلاطين الذين تولوا حكمها على مدار 600 سنة، كانت الدولة العثمانية هي الإمبراطورية الأقوي، وسادت العالم لفترات طويلة تأسست الدولة العثمانية على يد عثمان بن أرطغرل، وفي هذا الموضوع سوف نتحدث عن سلطان عثماني ذاع صيته في جميع أنحاء العالم، وفي عهده حققت الدولة العثمانية طفرة كبيرة، واستطاعت في عهد تحقيق العديد من الفتوحات، وكان يلقبه الغرب بالعابس، كونه متجهم الوجه، وكان الأتراك يلقبونه بالشجاع بسبب شجاعته في ساحة الحرب، سليم الأول هو أول من حمل لقب أمير المؤمنين من السلاطين العثمانيين، واستمر حكمه للدولة العثمانية من عام 1512م-1520م.
موضوع يهمك: السيرة الذاتية ومعلومات عن مؤسس الدولة الأموية
محتويات المقالة
من هو السلطان سليم الأول
السلطان سليم الأول هو أحد أبناء السلطان بايزيد الثاني بن محمد الفاتح، ولد السلطان في 10 من تشرين الأول في عام 1470م في مدينة أماسيا الأناضوليّة على ساحل البحر الأسود، والدته السيدة عائشة كلبهار خاتون.
كان سليم الأول محبًا للحرب لذلك كان مقربًا من الجنود وخاصة الانكشارية، وكان مرغوبًا لديهم، بينما أخاه أحمد كان مقربًا من الأعيان، أما أخاه كركود فكان محبًا للعلوم والآداب والفنون، وبسبب الاختلاف بين الأخوة في الآراء والأفكار والتوجهات، قام أباهم بتعيين السلطان ابنه كركود والياً على إحدى ولايات سلطانه البعيدة، وولى أحمد على أماسيا، بينما تولى سليم ولاية طرابزون.
عصيان سليم الأول على السلطان
في أواخر السلطان بايزيد الأمور لم تكن مستقرة في البلاد، واشتعلت الحروب الداخلية، استغل سليم الأول هذا الأمر، وعصى أمر والده في تعيينه والياً على كافا بالقرم، وطلب أن يكون واليًا على إحدى الولايات الأوروبية ولكن أباه لم يذعن لرغبته.
في ذلك التوقيت خشى الأمير أحمد أخو سليم الأول، أن يتحرك أخوه للإنقلاب على السلطان والسيطرة على الحكم، واستغل انتصاره على جيش التحالف التركماني الصفوي في آسيا، وذهب إلى القسطنطينيّة لاستعراض قوته العسكرية أمام السلطان وإخوته الأمراء، وحينما علم أخاه سليم بهذا الأمر، أشعل نار الفتنة، في تراقيا، وجمع جيشًا من التتار، إلى بلاد الروملي، فأرسل إليه والده جيشًا لإجباره على التنازل، ولكن حينما علم السلطان إصرار ابنه، وافق على تعيينه واليًا على أوروبا حقنًا للدماء.
أعلن السلطان بايزيد الثاني انعقاد ديوانه للتشاور في عملية اختيار من يتولي الحكم من بعده، وأجمع الديوان على اختيار الأمير أحمد، ولكن سليم لم يرضى بهذا القرار وأعلن العصيان على والده، وذهب إلى مدينة أدرنة، وسيطر عليها، وأعلن نفسه سلطاناً، فأرسل إليه السلطان جيشًا مكونًا من 40 ألف جندي، وأجبره على التراجع، وانتصر عليه ففر سليم الأول هاربًا إلى بلاد القرم.
تعرف على: كم عدد خلفاء الدولة العباسية وأسمائهم بالترتيب
تنحي السلطان بايزيد الثاني وتولي سليم الأول الحكم
عفى السلطان بايزيد الثاني عن ابنه، وسمح له بالعودة، فعاد إلى سرايا السلطان مع الإنكشارية في احتفالية وطلبوا من السلطان بايزيد الثاني من التنازل عن الحكم لابنه سليم الأول، ففوافق السلطان بايزيد الثاني وتنحى عن الحكم في 25 نيسان عام 1512م، وتولى السلطان سليم الأول مقاليد الحكم بشكل رسمي في23 من أيار من نفس العام.
أهم أعمال السلطان سليم الأول
عمل السلطان سليم الأول في بداية توليه الحكم وحتى وفاته، على توحيد الدول الإسلامية، وجعلها تنتمي لراية واحدة، لتقوى وتستطيع مواجهة الصليبيين خاصة بعد سقوط الأندلس، كما عمل على القضاء على الصفويين وشل حركتهم التجارية، وسعى إلى القضاء على المماليك، واستطاع ضم مصر إلى الدولة العثمانية، ويعد سليم الأول هو أول من لقب الخليفة من بني عثمان، بعد أن تنازل له الخليفة العباسي المتوكل على الله بالخلافة له.
كيف مات السلطان سليم الأول
بعد أن قام السلطان سليم الأول بضم مصر إلى الإمبراطورية العثمانية، انشغل في تجهيز حملته على جزيرة رودس، وحملة أخرى لقتال إسماعيل الصفوي، لتحالفه ضده، في هذه الفترة وأثناء تجهيزاته للحملة مرض مرضًا شديدًا، جعله يتألم ألمًا شديدًا، وتوفي أثناء حملته في العام التاسع من من حكمه للإمبراطورية العثمانية وهو في العام الخمسين من عمره، وتولى من بعده ابنه سليمان مقاليد الحكم، ليسيطر على الدولة العثمانية بأكملها.
إقرأ أيضًا:
هل يجوز للمرأة قراءة القرآن بدون الحجاب
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