سبب نزول آية “إن جاءكم فاسق بنبأ فتبينوا”، إن مجرد تناقل الأخبار ونشرها دون تثبت وتحر لما فيها ليس بالأمر الهين بل إثم كبير، ويجب التمحيص فيما نقول والتحقق فيما نسمعه من أخبار وأقوال وأحداث، لكي لا نساعد على نشر الأكاذيب، ونحن في زمن اجتمعت فيه كل العوامل التي شجعت على تلاشي كل الحدود الفاصلة بين هذه المبادئ، وتحويلها لروتين يومي مألوف.
محتويات المقالة
سبب نزول إن جاءكم فاسق بنبأ
- وورد في سبب نزول آية “يا أيها الذين آمنوا إن جاءكم فاسق بنبأ فتبينوا” سورة الحجرات، روايات كثيرة منها أن الآية قد نزلت في الوليد بن عقبة بن أبي معيط عندما بعثه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى بني المصطلق ليجمع صدقاتهم، وفرحوا لذلك عندما أتاهم الخبر لكن الوليد قابل ذلك بسوء ظن ووقع في نفسه خشية أن يلحقوا به الأذى، لما كان بينهم من عداوة سابقة في الجاهلية.
- ووقع الخطأ من هنا، حيث عاد إلى الرسول وأخبره أن بني المصطلق منعوا الجزية، وأرادوا قتله، فغضب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وهم أن يغزوهم، فلما سمعوا بالأمر خرجوا لمقابلة الرسول وقالوا إنا خشينا أن يكون، إنما رده كتاب جاءه منك لغضب غضبته علينا، وإنا والله نعوذ من غضب الله ورسوله.
- فأنزل الله عذرهم في الكتاب: (يا أيها الذين ءامنوا إن جاءكم فاسق بنبأ فتبينوا أن تصيبوا قوما بجهالة فتصبحوا على ما فعلتم نادمين).
الفرق بين قوله تعالى فتبينوا و قراءة فتثبتوا؟
- يذكر علماء القراءات في تفسير تواتر اللفظين عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فالذي قرأ “فتبينوا” بالتاء هم نافع وبن كثير وأبي عمرو وابن عامر وعاصم ويعقوب وأبي جعفر، بينما قرأ الباقون بالثاء هكذا “فتثبتوا”.
- معنى القراءتين من قرأ بالثاء، يراد به التثبت من صحة الخبر والتبين من تحقيقه، فهي تأمر بهذا المعنى عموم المؤمنين حين يسمعون خبرا، بوجوب التحقق من هذين الأمرين، وهي القراءة التي تزيد الأمر وضوحا. وهو ما أوضحه الدكتور عمرو بن عبدالله المقبل خلال الشرح.
- وأما عن الفرق فهو موجود أيضا، لأن التثبت منهج علمي ينتهي بنتيجة التبين، فمن تثبت بمنهج سليم خلص للتبين الحقيقي، ومن لم يتبين لم يتثبت بمنهج سليم.
سبب نزول آية “وتحسبونه هينا وهو عند الله عظيم”
- قال تعالى في سورة النور: “إذ تلقونه بألسنتكم وتقولون بأفواهكم ما ليس لكم به علم وتحسبونه هينا وهو عند الله عظيم”.
- أيضا ورد في تفسير هذه الآية، ما يشتمل معناه على مجرد تناقل الأخبار ونشرها دون تبين أو تحقق، وقد نزلت الآية في بيان عائشة رضي الله عنها من الحادثة المشهورة بالإفك، التي افتعلها المنافقون في عهد النبي واتهموا بها السيدة عائشة، حتى شاعت وانتشرت على لسان بعض المؤمنين، فنزلت الآيات لتبرئتها، وإقامة حد القذف على من حرض هذا الافتراء.
إقرأ أيضا:
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