ما هي قصة قراقوش؟
ما هي قصة قراقوش؟،للأمثلة الشعبية جذور في تراثنا، ونحن نحب أن نطلق الأمثلة بكثرة على المواقف المشابهة لها حسب ما نفهمه أو نعترضه طرافة في طريقنا، أو كما كان يقال لنا، كأنها أنماط توصيل تستهدف بعض الأشياء ببعضها.
محتويات المقالة
قصة مثل حكم قراقوش
وفي هذا المثال وهو حكم قراقوش، موضوع المقالة، نعرف أنه يطلق على الشخص المستبد، الذي يكاد يرى في الأذى سلعة مجانية، يمكنها أن توزع على الناس بالتساوي، وأغلب من يعرف المثال يعرف أيضا أنه ينطبق على حامله، قراقوش، لكن للحكاية أبعادا أخرى غير سمعة المثل المعروف، فما هي؟ ولماذا يحظى بكل هذا الاهتمام فd التراث المصري؟
من هو الأمير بهاء الدين قراقوش؟
كان الأمير بهاء الدين واليا على عكا، تحت إمرة وقيادة السلطان صلاح الدين الأيوبي، إلا أنه أصبح رمزا خيانة عند أجيال كثيرة، بسبب الصورة التي رسمها الأسعد بن مماتي في كتابه الفاشوش في حكم قراقوش، فقد صوره بشكل هزلي مستبد، بهدف السخرية السياسية، إلا أن هذه الصورة باتت مترسخة في العقل الجمعي، كما القصص الشعبي عند العامة، ومنها استلهمت السينما أفلامها، نتذكر منها فيلم الناصر صلاح الدين، للمخرج يوسف شاهين.
تبقى الصورة مختلفة فى التاريخ، فقد كان اليد اليمنى للناصر صلاح الدين، وله باع طويل في مقاومة الصليبيين، وبما أنه جاء واليا على عكا، فقد قاوم حصارها لمدة سنتين، إلا أنه اضطر إلى تسليمها في النهاية بعد أن فتك بأهلها المرض والجوع، حتى قام صلاح الدين على تخليصه من الأسر، ثم عينه واليا على مصر.
كما أن له مآثر جامة في عمران القاهرة، ففي القرن الـ 12 كلفه صلاح الدين بمد سور القاهرة في قلب المنطقة الحاضنة له، وأقام هناك بوابة كانت تسمى باب البحر، بعد ذلك سميت باب الحديد نظرا للتغيرات التي طرأت عليها.
أما العمل الأبرز الذي كلف ببنائه فكان بنيان القلعة، قلعة صلاح الدين الأيوبي، أو “قلعة الجبل”.
هل على الفيلم أن يلتزم بالدقة التاريخية؟
أظن أن ذلك يدفعنا إلى سؤال مهم لم تعطي فيه إجابة شافية حتى الآن، كما نشرت الجارديان البريطانية في مقالة بعنوان إعادة كتابة التاريخ، أن الأمر معقد أكثر مما نظن، فلو افترضنا مثلا أنني مخرج أقوم بتنفيذ فيلم تاريخي، ما الذي يضطرني إلى الالتزام بدقة الأحداث التاريخية؟ هل يقع على عاتقي فيما بعد مسؤلية تضليل الناس بسبب الأحداث الخاطئة، ولكن كيف لي مثلا أن أهتم بالدقة التارخية للأحداث، والتاريخ نفسه متضارب لا توجد رواية واحدة متفقة بشأن أي موضوع فيه؟
كيف نضمن أصلا أن يلتزم المخرج أو الكاتب بالدقة التاريخية للأحداث؟
حاولت الاستديوهات الكبرى في الهند، وصولا إلى حل روتيني معروف، حيث تتشكل لجنة من أساتذة الجامعات الكبار للنظر في مراجعة الأحداث التاريخية للفيلم، وتقييمه وفق لائحة نقابة المهن التمثيلية، ولكن لهذه الفكرة ثمنها، فهي مثالية جدا وتكلف مبالغ، بالإضافة إلى صعوبة تنفيذها دائما بسبب جدول التصوير، علاوة على ذلك، إذا كان لدى المخرج تصور خاص عن الفيلم، فهل يقوم بتعطيل التصوير ريثما ينظر في الأمر من قبل اللجنة، وإعطائه الموافقة النهائية؟
ولهذا السبب بالذات نجد أن إنتاج الأفلام التاريخية في الهند ضئيل جدا، وهو أمر غريب بالمناسبة عندما نتحدث عن دولة وتاريخ في مستوى الهند.
ما يسعنا قوله والاتفاق عليه ألا نعتمد كليا على صورة واحدة من ناحية المعلومات، فلا يكون المصدر الموثوق في معلوماته، لأنه بذلك نحرم أنفسنا من فرصة الإطلاع على أفق جديد يمكن أن يضيف لنا.
موضوعات متعلقة
من هو القرصان العثماني خير الدين بربروس
مايكل هارت وكتاب العظماء المائة
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