حضن البقرة «علاج الاكتئاب في أمريكا»
حضن البقرة وعلاج الاكتئاب في أمريكا، توجد أمور كثيرة تدفعنا إلى الاكتئاب، ويختلف تعامل البشر مع هذا الشعور على حسب عوامل كثيرة يندرج أهميتها تحت الثقافة السائدة، وعلى حسب كيف يتعامل كل بلد مع أزمته الوجودية؟ وفي أمريكا هناك بعض الأشخاص يشعرون بالسعادة لمجرد احتضانهم الأبقار!
محتويات المقالة
الاكتئاب في زمن الكورونا
- يحيط البشر أنفسهم بكل الوسائل التي قد تخفف عنهم الشعور بالوحدة والاكتئاب، فلا أحد يحب أن يكون وحيدا، وبعض البلاد وجدت أن تعين مسؤولين في الوزارات، لكي يكونوا على صلة بما يحدث في حياة الناس، تزامنا مع زيادة معدلات الانتحار العالمية.
- واليوم يلجأ بعض المواطنين الأمريكيين إلى عناق الأبقار في محميات بجميع أنحاء الولايات المتحدة، للتخلص من الشعور بالوحدة والاكتئاب، وهو الأمر الذي لاقى رواجا مع تفشي فيروس كورونا على مستوى العالم، حيث شعر كثيرين بالاكتئاب والوحدة.
- والبقرة واحدة من الحيوانات التي تحظى باهتمام عالمي منذ الحضارات القديمة وتعدد الديانات، وهي من العبادات الأولى التي وجدت في مصر، كما تعتبر من أكثر الحيوانات المقدسة لدى الهنود، وخصوصا بعض الطوائف التي تكن لها الاحترام والتبجيل، فهي تمثل الحياة لديهم نظرا لكرمها وسخائها الشديد.
الأبقار كحبوب السعادة في أمريكا
- وهناك بعض المزارع في أمريكا تتلقى المكالمات يوميا بهدف الحصول على هذه الخدمة، والكثير منهم كان في حاجة ماسة إلى المودة، مع اقتراب معظم البلاد من عام كامل من التباعد الاجتماعي خلال الوباء.
- ومع ازدهار هذه الأعمال مؤخرا انتشر احتضان الأبقار في المحميات، ويؤكد أصحاب التجربة أن الأمر بمثابة حبوب السعادة، تشعرك بالبهجة لمجرد التواجد حولها.
ما هو الدليل التشخيصي والإحصائي للاضطرابات النفسية؟
- في سبعينيات القرن الماضي، تم اكتشاف حقيقة مهمة عن طريق الصدفة البحتة، وتعد هذه الاكتشافات أمرا مألوفا في الأوساط العلمية، وكانت ثورية لدرجة تغيير العالم، لكن هذه الحقيقة تم تجاهلها بسرعة ونسيانها، لأنها كانت أبعد من أن يصدق تأثيرها أحد.
- وكانت تدور هذه الحقيقية حول دليل إرشادي أنتجه الأطباء النفسيون الأمريكيون، يشرح بالتفصيل جميع أعراض الأمراض العقلية المختلفة، بحيث يمكن التعرف عليها وعلاجها بنفس الطريقة في جميع أنحاء الولايات المتحدة، وكان يسمى الدليل التشخيصي والإحصائي للاضطرابات النفسية.
- في الإصدار الأخير، والذي أصدرته الجمعية الأمريكية للطب النفسي في الشهر الخامس أيار من العام 2013، بدا الكتاب معقولا إلى حد كبير مع التنقيح والتعديل عن النسخ السابقة، ومع توالي الطبعات فقد أصبح هذا الدليل مرجعا معياريا للمارسة السريرية في مجال الصحة العقلية.
- ويعرف الدليل على أنه توصيف دقيق للفئات التشخيصية، للمساعدة على فهم وتصنيف الإضطرابات العقلية، المرتبطة بمعايير تهدف إلى تسهيل التشخيص، وجعله أكثر موثوقية لهذه الإضطرابات، مثل اضطراب الشخصية الحدية.
كيف تعرف اذا كنت تعاني من الاكتئاب؟
- في هذا الدليل قام المولفين بوضع مجموعة من الأعراض، يجب أن يظهرها المريض ليتم تشخيصه بالاكتئاب، مثل فقدان الاهتمام، أو الإحباط وتكدر المزاج، أو اضطرابات النوم وما إلى ذلك.
- ولكي يستنتج الطبيب أنك مصاب بالاكتئاب، كان عليك مثلا أن تسجل حوالي 5 علامات من هذه الأعراض على مدى عدة أسابيع، لفهم وخامة الحالة.
- تم إرسال الدليل إلى الأطباء في جميع أنحاء الولايات المتحدة، ومع بدأ استخدامه، عادوا بعد فترة إلى المؤلفين، وأشاروا إلى شيء ما يبدو ناقصا ولا يزال يزعجهم.
- إذا اتبعوا هذا الدليل، فيجب عليهم تشخيص كل فرد يشعر بالحزن على أنه مكتئب، ثم البدء فعليا في تطبيق العلاج، على سبيل المثال إذا فقدت شخصيا تحبه يتضح أن هذه الأعراض ستظهر عليك تلقائيا، لذا أراد الأطباء أن يعرفوا الفرق بين الشخص المكتئب والشخص الذي يمر بدورة حزن طبيعية نتيجة مصابه؟ هل هو عامل الوقت؟
هل الاكتئاب عند المراهقين طبيعي؟
- أحسب كذلك أنه زمن صعب على المراهقين، فهم يشعرون بالامتياز في أعين الجميع، وحياتهم سهلة، وأنهم يتظاهرون بالاكتئاب.
- وإن كنت مراهقا على الأرجح، فأنت تتعامل مع آباء وأمهات عاشوا أيضا فترة الكساد الاقتصادي، وكانوا يخافون من أنهم سوف يفقدون بيوتهم أو يعانون من ضائقة مالية.
- واليوم نعيش جميعا فى ثقافة تعاني وباء المخدرات، وربما نواجه احتمالية دمار الكوكب، نعيش فى مناخ سياسي مرعب، مناخ ملئ بالعنصرية والكراهية، زمن فظيع على المراهقين، ويقول الناس أن حياتهم مترفة، فلماذا هناك حوادث انتحار؟!
كيف أخرج من الاكتئاب بسرعة؟
- الوقت عامل مهم لتقييم الأشياء، لا يمكننا أن نعرف ما نمر به إلا من خلال عامل المساحة والوقت المهمين لاستيعاب التجربة، ووضعها في حجمها الطبيعي.
- في النهاية ينجح البشر أحيانا في تخطي هذه العقبات وإيجاد معنى لحياتهم، من خلال تجاربهم المختلفة وأفعالهم.
- البعض يقصد الأصدقاء، والبعض يذهب إلى الاستقرار وإيجاد شريك حياته، لكن هناك أيضا من لا يحالفه الحظ أو الوقت، أو غيرهما من الظروف لعمل أي من هذه الأشياء. حيث يتعين عليه أن يجد في مسعاه مصدرا يؤنس وحدته، أو ينغمس في نشاط ما من الألعاب الجماعية، أو الذهاب إلى غرف الدردشة التي توفرها التطبيقات الحديثة بكثرة، والبعض يجد الألفة كذلك في تربية الحيوانات.
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