ثقافة ومعلومات عامة

عملية تكميم المعدة وأهم المعلومات عنها

ما لا تعرفه عن تكميم المعدة

تأتي عملية تكميم المعدة كحل جراحي للتغلب على مشاكل زيادة الوزن، وعلاج السمنة التي تتواجد بشدة في عصرنا الحالي.
في هذا المقال نقدم لكم كل مايخص عملية التكميم وأنواعه.

محتويات المقالة

ما هي عملية تكميم المعدة؟

  • تعد جراحة تكميم المعدة من أشهر جراحات إنقاص الوزن وعلاج السمنة، حيث تعمل على تقليص حجم المعدة عن طريق إزالة جزء من جحمها.
ما هي عملية تكميم المعدة؟
ما هي عملية تكميم المعدة؟
  • تصبح المعدة بعد العملية ممراً أنبوبي الشكل، أشبه ما يكون بثمرة الموز أو الوعاء الصغير، مما يساعد على تقليل كميات الطعام التي يتناولها الإنسان.

أنواع عمليات تكميم المعدة.

النوع الأول:

  • يتم فيه قص المعدة، وترك أنبوب طولي منها يصل بين المريء والاثنى عشر، وهي من أشهر وأنجح أنواع التكميم.

النوع الثاني:

  • يتم قص المعدة من الجزء العلوي، ومن ثم قص الأمعاء الدقيقة وربطها بالمعدة من الأعلى.
  • بذلك يتم تقليل الطعام الذي يدخل للمعدة، والممتص للجسم عن طريق دخول طعام غير مهضوم إلى الأمعاء الدقيقة مباشرةً فور تناوله.

النوع الثالث:

  • يتم عمل ثقب في منتصف المعدة وبعد ذلك يتم غلق المعدة من حوله.
  • بعد ذلك يتم ربط المعدة رأسياً من الثقب في المنتصف من المنتصف للأعلى.
  • يتم تضييق الجزء الأفقي القريب من المريء.
  • يكون الجزء من المعدة الذي يصب فيه المريء الطعام صغيرًا وضيقًا.
  • نتيجةً لما تم يتحرك الطعام إلى الجزء السفلي بكمياتٍ قليلة، وبالتتابع ستقلل من حجم وجباتك.

ماهو أقل وزن لعملية التكميم

  1. أقل وزن لعملية التكميم هو 30 كيلوجرام زيادة عن الوزن المثالي.
  2. لابد أن يتراوح عمر المريض ما بين 18-65 عاماً، ويمكن إجراء عملية التكميم فوق سن ال 65 إذا كانت الحالة الصحية للمريض تسمح بذلك.
  3. يجب أن لايعاني المريض من التهابات المعدة، ولا يعاني من أورام الجهاز الهضمي.
ما هو أقل وزن لعملية التكميم
ما هو أقل وزن لعملية التكميم

ما هي أضرار عملية التكميم

  • النزيف الشديد، ويمكن الإصابة بعدوى.
  • إصابة الشخص بجلطات الدم، ووصول المضاعفات إلى مشاكل في الرئة أو التنفس.
  • مشاكل في الجهاز الهضمي مثل الإنسداد.
  • الإصابة بارتجاع المرئ.
  • انخفاض مستويات السكر في الدم.
  • التأثير بشكل سلبي على التغذية.
  • الاستفراغ والقيء المستمر.

نسبة نجاح عملية تكميم المعدة والمخاطر المرتبطة بها

  • تشير تقارير الرابطة الدولية لجراحات السمنة (IFSO) إلى أن عملية تكميم المعدة بالمنظار من أكثر العمليات شيوعا على مستوى العالم.
  • وأن أعداد المرضى الخاضعين لها في تزايد وهو ما يرجح أمانها وفعاليتها في إنقاص الوزن استنادا للإحصاءات والتقارير.
  • وتبلغ نسبة نجاح عملية تكميم المعدة حوالي 80 – 90% ولكن السؤال هنا .

متى يمكن اعتبار العملية ناجحة؟

  • يمكن تقدير نسبة نجاح عملية تكميم المعدة من خلال تحقيقها لأهداف المريض نفسه، بالإضافة إلى مجموعة من العوامل الأخرى.
  • ولكن يجب أن يعلم المريض جيدًا أنها ليست أداة سحرية لإنقاص الوزن ولكنها أداة مساعدة وفعالة للغاية يجب على المريض استخدامها بالشكل الصحيح للحصول على أفضل النتائج والحفاظ عليها بشكل دائم.

ومن بين العوامل التي تدل على نجاح عملية تكميم المعدة:

  • فقدان 50 – 60% من الوزن الزائد خلال العام الأول.
  • تحسن معظم الحالات الصحية المرتبطة بالسمنة مثل مرض السكري من النوع الثاني وانقطاع التنفس أثناء النوم ومشكلات المفاصل وارتفاع ضغط الدم وارتفاع دهون الدم والكبد الدهني وقد تدخل في فترة من الخمود أو ما يسمى (remission).
  • يشعر معظم المرضى برغبة أقل في تناول الطعام ويقل إحساسهم بالجوع.
  • تحسن عام في صحة المريض

كيف يمكنك الاستعداد لعملية التكميم؟

من أجل تجربة تكميم ناجحة، إليك اتباع هذه التعليمات:

  • إذا كنت تدخ، يجب عليك الإقلاع عن التدخين لعدة أسابيع قبل العملية، والتوقف عن تناول الكحول لمدة أسبوع واحد على الأقل قبل العملية.
  • يجب أن تخبر الطبيب الخاص بك عن الأدوية التي تتناولها حالياً.
  • لا تتناول أي طعام من الأطعمة الثقيلة بعد الساعة الثامنة مساءً ولا تتناول أي شيء سائل بعد منتصف الليلة التي تسبق العملية لأن المعدة يجب أن تكون فارغة في وقت العملية.
  • الاستراحة أمر واجب بعد إجراء العملية لما تسببه العملية من إرهاق عالٍ.

موضوعات متعلقة:

السابق
ما هو التخاطر وحكمه في الإسلام
التالي
القهوة التركي مكوناتها وطريقة تحضيرها

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