معلومات عن الضأن وفوائد حليبه
تعد الأغنام بجميع أنواعها والبقر والجمال، والزرافات والظباء، من الحيوانات المجترة، ولكن ما معنى حيوانات مجترة، الحيوانات المجترة هي الحيوانات التي تتغذى على الأعشاب وتقوم عملية الهضم بها على الاجترار، حيث تأكلها دون هضمها بالكامل ثم تستعيدها مرّة أُخرى إلى فمها في وقت راحتها للقيام بطحنهاه بأضراسها.
محتويات المقالة
تجاويف الحيوانات المجترة:
تمتلك الحيوانات المجترة على أربعة تجاويف، الأولى للطعام الذي دخل حديثًا للمعدة، ثم ينتقل إلى الأنفحة التي ترطب الطعام، ثم بعد ذلك تتم العملية الثالثة حيث تقوم الأنفحة بإرجاع الطعام مرة أخرى إلى الفم وقت راحة الحيوان، وفي النهاية بعد أن تتم عملية الهضم ينتقل الطعام إلى التجويف الثالث والرابع ثم إلى الأمعاء، وفي هذا الموضوع سوف نتعرف على نوع من أنواع الحيوانات المجترة وهو الضأن.
ما هو الضأن؟
الضأن من أنواع الأغنام، والأغنام تنقسم بشكل أساسي إلى قسمين وهما الضأن والماعز، وهذا المقال مخصص للتعريف بحيوان الضأن وهو ما سنتعرف عليه في السطور القادمة.
الضأن هو حيوان ذو صوف، ونوع من أنواع الغنم كما ذكرنا، ويتميز عن غيره من الأغنام، بأن له صوف، أما النوع الآخر من الأغنام فبهم شعر، وهو الماعز.
والضأن من الأغنام، ويطلق على الأغنام الكثير من الأسماء، مثل الضأن والماعز، والكبش، والخرفان، والنعاج، لكن أشهر هذه الأنواع هو الماعز والضأن.
قد يهمك/
تفسير حلم سقوط الأسنان الأمامية
والضأن مصطلع عام يطلق على جميع الأغنام التي بها صوف، والأنثى من ذوات الصوف تسمى (ضائنة)، وللضأن مسميات أخرى حسب السن والجنس سواء كان ذكرًا أم أنثى، فالضأن الذكر حديثي الولادة يسمى (سلخة)، ثم بعد ذلك يسمى (حملًا)، ويبقى على هذا الاسم حتى يبلغ من العمر سنة، بعد أن يتجاوز عمر السنة يسمى خروفًا، وبعد أن يشتد ويصبح فحلًا يسمى “كبشًا”، وأيضًا قد يسمى شاة، أما الأنثى ذوات الصوف، فتسمى ضائنة كما ذكرنا من قبل، وعند ولادتها تسمى “سلخة”، فذكر الضأن وأنثى الضأن يشتركان في ذات الاسم عند الولادة، وبعد أن تكبر إلى أن تصل عمر السنة تسمى “جذعة”، وبعد أن تتجاوز عمر السنة تسمى “نعجة”، وأيضًا قد تحمل اسم شاة.
حليب الضأن
حليب الضأن يشتهر في المناطق التي يقل فيها تواجد الأبقار، نظرًا لارتفاع أثمانها، ولكن يفضل عدم شرب الضأن بكثرة نظرًا لأن المادة الخام بها أكثر من السائلة، لذلك يستخدم بكثرة في إنتاج الزبدة، والأجبان.
وتعتبر الأجبان التي يتم انتاجها بواسطة حليب الضأن، أفضل من الأجبان التي يتم انتاجها من حليب الأبقار، لأن تركيب الدّهون والبروتينات المتواجدة في حليب الضأن يختلف بكثير عن المتواجدين في حليب الأبقار.
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