من آخر خلفاء الدولة الأموية
من آخر خلفاء الدولة الأموية، الدولة الأموية هي الدولة التي قامت بعد انتهاء الخلافة الراشدة، وبعد وفاة سيدنا علي بن أبي طالب رضى الله عنه، تأسست الدولة الأموية على يد معاوية بن أبي سفيان رضى الله عنه، بعد أن قام الحسن بن علي رضى الله عنهما، بالتنازل له عن الخلافة، على أن يتم اختيار الخليفة كما هو معهود من خلال مجلس شورى المسلمين، إلا أن معاوية قبل وفاته قام بمبايعة ابنه يزيد، ليصبح خليفة للمسلمين بعده، ومن هنا كانت البداية لانطلاق الدولة الأموية وتأسيسها، وفي هذا الموضوع سوف نتعرف على آخر خلفاء الدولة الأموية.
محتويات المقالة
متى تأسست الدولة الأموية
الدولة الأموية تأسست بعد وفاة سيدنا علي بن طالب رضى الله عنه، على يد معاوية بن أبي سفيان رضى الله عنه، فبعد وفاة سيدنا علي رضى الله عنه، قام أهل العراق بمبايعة الحسن بن علي على أمر الخلافة، وبايع أهل الشام معاوية رضى الله عنه على الخلافة، فحشد معاوية الجيوش وتوجه إلى الحسن، ومنعًا للفتنة، وحقنًا للدماء، تنازل الحسن عن الحكم لمعاوية، فقام معاوية بتأسيس الدولة الأموية التي استمرت تحكم العالم الإسلامي لفترات طويلة,
آخر خلفاء الدولة الأموية
يعد الخليفة مروان بن محمد هو آخر خلفاء الدولة الأموية، وفي عهده سقطت الدولة الأموية على يد العباسيين في ثورة قادها أبو العباس السفاح، فبينما كان مروان بن محمد مشغول بأحوال البلد المضربة، اندلعت الثورة العباسية التي لم يستطيع الجيش الأموي على الرغم من صلابته وقوته أن يتصدى، فاندلعت الثورة العباسية كاندلاع النار في الهشيم.
كيف سقطت الدولة الأموية
سقطت الدولة الأموية على يد العباسيين، وبعد سقوطها تأسست الدولة العباسية على يد السفاح أبو العباس، التقى جيش مروان بن محمد بجيش العباسيين في معركة زاب الشهيرة، ولم يستطع الجيش الأموي على الرغم من صلابته أن يتصدى للعباسيين، وهزمت الجيوش الأموية في معركة الزاب الكبير أحد روافد دجلة، وذلك فى (جمادى الآخرة 132هـ = يناير/ فبراير 750م)، وحينما هزمت الدولة الأموية فر مروان بن محمد بنفسه من أرض المعركة، وظل ينتقل من بلد إلى آخر حتى انتهى به الحال إلى مصر.
متى قتل مروان بن محمد
قُتل مروان بن محمد على يد العباسيين في مصر في قرية تسمى “زاوية المصلوب” التابعة لبوصير الواقعة جنوبى الجيزة، فبعد أن فر إلى مصر طلب من العباسيين الأمان والنجاة لكنهم تعقبوه وقتلوه، وذلك سنة مئةٍ واثنين وثلاثين، في شهر ذي الحجّة، عن عمر يناهز الستين عامًا.
أسباب سقوط الدولة الأموية
_ سقطت الدولة الأموية نتجية إلى تولي زمام الحكم حكام ضعفاء ليسوا على قدر المسئولية، بعد أن اتسعت رقعة الدولة الأموية، كانت بحاجة إلى خلفاء أقوياء إلا أن الدولة الأموية في آواخرها حكمها حكام ضعاف، ما أدى إلى وجود ضعف وانهيار سواء على المستوى الاقتصادي أو حتى المستوى الاقتصادي، وانتشرت النزاعات والصراعات الداخلية بين أبناء بني أمية، فضلًا عن قيام الثورات، وكثرة الخوارج، بالإضافة إلى عدم وجود معايير واضحة وصريحة لاختيار الخليفة ما أدى إلى ظهور فرق تسمى الخوارج أدخلت الدولة الأموية في حروب أضعفتها.
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